每天一句：2015考研英语第九句

王慧 · 发表于 2014-3-25 16:35

IN 1968 an American ecologist, Garrett Hardin, published an article entitled “The Tragedy of the Commons”. He argued that when a resource is held jointly, it is in individuals’ self-interest to deplete it, so people will tend to undermine their collective long-term interest by over-exploiting rather than protecting that asset. Such a tragedy is now unfolding, causing serious damage to a resource that covers almost half the surface of the Earth. The high seas are a commons.
词汇突破： 1.Garrett Hardin 和 The Tragedy of the Commons
         （http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrett_Hardin）
         加内特哈丁；《公地悲剧》这是这位教授非常有名的一篇文章；他还提出过
         救生艇伦理学(Lifeboat Ethics)；他的很多理论甚是经典，能解释我们现在所很多的全球化的问题。有空的时候可以搜索一下。长点知识。
         解释：一个向众人开放的牧场，在其中每个牧羊人的直接利益取决于他所放牧的牲畜数量的多少。由于在缺乏约束的条件，当存在过度放牧问题时，每个牧羊人虽然明知公地会退化，但个人博弈的最优策略仍然只能是增加牲畜数量，久而久之，牧场可能彻底退化或废弃。这就是“公地悲剧”。
         2. be in someone’s interest 符合某人利益
         3. deplete 减少，耗尽
         4. undermine 破坏
         5. unfold 展现
         6. high seas 公海
         7. asset 财产
         8. over-exploiting 过度开发
         9. ecologist 生态学家
         10. rather than 而不是
         11. Commons  (单数名词）[treated as sing.]land or resources belonging                                                       to or affecting the whole of a                                                                               community（全世界也可以是个社区）
                        （社区）共有土地（或资源）；影响全社区的土地（或资源）
句子解析：  1. IN 1968 an American ecologist, Garrett Hardin, published an article entitled “The Tragedy of the Commons”.
         1968年美国的生态学家加内特哈丁，出版了名为公地悲剧的文章。
         2. He argued that when a resource is held jointly, it is in individuals’ self-interest to deplete it, so people will tend to undermine their collective long-term interest by over-exploiting rather than protecting that asset.
         他指出当资源是共有的时候，耗尽这些资源是符合个人利益的。所以人们就倾向于通过过度的开发来破坏长远的集体利益，而不是保护这些资源。
         3. Such a tragedy is now unfolding， causing serious damage to a resource that covers almost half the surface of the Earth. The high seas are a commons.
         这种悲剧正在上演，对覆盖地球几乎一半面积的一种资源造成了严重的危害。公海就是公地。
今天的句子只要能看懂就可以了，单词记一下就行。High sea 公海