每天一句: 2014考研英语第二百三十六句10.27

王慧 · 发表于 2013-11-17 21:49

In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the
fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply
lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element
in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of  business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in ________.
　　[A] the separation of capital from management
　　[B] the ownership of capital by managers
　　[C] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
　　[D] the participation of shareholders in municipal business
题型识别：细节题（因果识别）
题干定位：定位到第二段开头。
      The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences.
      但是这句话本身并没有答案！只有寻找下一句为结果：
         Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of
shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land             and the duties of
the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
         这是一句长难句:
         有限责任公司及市政企业的发展导致了重大后果。对资本与企业的如此大规模的非个人操纵大大地增加了作为一个阶级的持股人          的数量
及其地位的重要性。他们在国民生活中代表着非责任性的财富，与土地及土地所有者责任相分离，几乎也同样与企业的责          任经营相分离。
         其主干为： Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and
importance of shareholders as a class.
         之后的为同位语： an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land
      and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management                            of
business.
                        与企业的责任经营相分离。
                        这句话是解题的关键；
思路解析：典型的细节题解题思路，已知原因找结果。
选项分析：　[B] the ownership of capital by managers 所有权不是经理的。排除
         [C] the emergence of capital and labour as two classes 第一段第一句就谈到了两股势力在各自发展了，因此不可能是说
                                             才刚出现。
         [D] the participation of shareholders in municipal business 移花接木，视觉干扰。
         [A] the separation of capital from management 这是对刚才同位语的同意替换。