标题: 并发心血管病的80岁以上患者行全髋关节置换术围术期处理 [打印本页] 作者: qiuyiwang 时间: 2009-9-27 12:26 标题: 并发心血管病的80岁以上患者行全髋关节置换术围术期处理 Perioperative management of hip arthroplasty in patients over 80 years old with coronary heart disease
(Abstract) : Objective: To delineate the special features of the perioperative care in elderly patients over 80 years old with coronary heart disease for hip arthroplasty surgery. Method: Review and summarize our experience in 60 such elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty including preoperative evaluation with assessment of the cardiovascular function, preoperative preparation, selection of suitable anesthetic technique, intraoperative medication and monitoring and the prevention of myocardial hypoxia or cardiovascular complications during surgery. Results: Three major problems from the preoperative evaluation showed that myocardial ischemia occurring in 76.6%, hypertension in 61.7% and cardiac arrhythmia in 48.3% of the patients respectively. Three patients had coronary bypass surgery, 48 patients had cardiotonic, 31 had antihypertensive and 19 had antiarrhythmic therapies before surgery. Anesthesia was by either intraspinal anesthesia or endotracheal general anesthesia. During surgery the incidence of myocardial ischemia, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmia were reduced by 35%, 43.4% and 11.6% respectively compared to the preoperative states. In 72 hour postoperative period incidence of myocardial ischemia, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia were reduced by 25.1%,35% and 3.3% respectively compared to the preoperative values; however, there was an increase of 18.3% in hypotension and 56.6% increase in tachycardia during the postoperative period. Conclusion: With proper care very elderly patients ( those over 80 years old) with coronary heart disease could undergo hip arthroplasty safely. Myocardial ischemia appears to be the most common problem in this patient group. Adequate preoperative preparation, appropriate choice of anesthetics , diligent monitoring and intervention during surgery are the important ingredients to the successful outcome of this surgery in this group of geriatric patients. Postoperative hypotension and tachycardia are two problems needed to be attended to carefully.
Key words: geriatric, heart disease, hip arthroplasty, anesthesia, perioperative care.